by The india national cricket team vs south africa national cricket team match scorecard represents one of the most captivating rivalries in modern international cricket.
This comprehensive guide explores nearly two decades of thrilling encounters between these two cricketing powerhouses, providing detailed analysis of each match through scorecards, player performances, and strategic insights that have shaped the game we love today.
Cricket enthusiasts worldwide recognize that when India and South Africa face each other, something special happens on the field.
The india national cricket team vs south africa national cricket team match scorecard history reveals a pattern of closely contested matches where individual brilliance often determines outcomes.
From the inaugural T20 World Cup in 2007 to the most recent encounters, every match has contributed unique stories to this remarkable rivalry.
Understanding the india national cricket team vs south africa national cricket team match scorecard progression helps fans appreciate how both teams have evolved tactically and technically over the years.
These matches have featured some of cricket’s greatest players at their peak, including legendary figures like MS Dhoni, Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, and Dale Steyn. Each encounter has provided learning opportunities for players, coaches, and fans about the intricacies of high-pressure international cricket.
The statistical records embedded in every india national cricket team vs south africa national cricket team match scorecard tell stories of remarkable consistency in competitive balance.
India National Cricket Team Vs South Africa National Cricket Team Match Scorecard
Neither team has dominated this rivalry completely, which speaks to the quality and depth of talent both nations possess. This balance has created an environment where every match carries significant weight and excitement, regardless of the tournament context or venue conditions.
The Complete Match Archive
The comprehensive archive of India versus South Africa matches spans multiple formats and tournaments, each contributing to the rich tapestry of this international cricket rivalry. These encounters have taken place across different continents, in varying conditions, and during different phases of both teams’ development, providing a complete picture of how international cricket has evolved over the past two decades.
ICC World T20 2007: The Birth of a Rivalry
The inaugural T20 World Cup provided the perfect stage for India and South Africa to begin what would become one of cricket’s most compelling rivalries. This match in Durban set the foundation for future encounters, establishing the competitive intensity and quality of cricket that would characterize this rivalry for years to come.
| Match Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Tournament | ICC World T20 2007 |
| Venue | Kingsmead, Durban |
| Date | September 20, 2007 |
| Toss Winner | South Africa |
| Toss Decision | Field |
| India Score | 153/5 (20 overs) |
| South Africa Score | 116/9 (20 overs) |
| Result | India won by 37 runs |
| Player of Match | RP Singh (4/13) |
The match began with South Africa winning the toss and electing to field first, a decision that seemed logical given their strong bowling attack and the unfamiliarity of the T20 format at the international level. India’s batting approach was cautious yet purposeful, as they aimed to set a competitive total in this new format of cricket that was still finding its tactical identity.
India’s innings was characterized by steady accumulation of runs rather than explosive hitting, reflecting the conservative approach teams adopted in the early days of T20 cricket. The batsmen focused on building partnerships and ensuring wickets in hand for a late assault, a strategy that proved effective against South Africa’s disciplined bowling attack.
The turning point came during South Africa’s chase when RP Singh delivered one of the most memorable bowling performances in early T20 international cricket. His figures of 4 wickets for just 13 runs demonstrated how traditional bowling skills could be adapted effectively to the shortest format of the game. Singh’s success came from his ability to maintain consistent line and length while varying his pace cleverly.
South Africa’s batting collapse under pressure revealed the mental challenges that the T20 format presented to international cricketers. The required run rate pressure, combined with regular wicket losses, created a situation where experienced batsmen struggled to find their rhythm. This match highlighted how quickly momentum can shift in T20 cricket and established the template for future nail-biting encounters between these teams.
The victory gave India tremendous confidence in the T20 format and proved that their bowling attack could compete with the best in the world. For South Africa, this match provided valuable lessons about handling pressure in the shortest format, lessons that would serve them well in future encounters against India and other top teams.
2011 Tour: The Steyn Reminder
Dale Steyn’s masterclass with the ball during India’s tour of South Africa in 2011 reminded the cricket world why he was considered the premier fast bowler of his generation. This match showcased the importance of home conditions and how world-class bowlers can exploit familiar environments to devastating effect.
| Match Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Tournament | India Tour of SA 2011 |
| Venue | Moses Mabhida Stadium, Durban |
| Date | January 9, 2011 |
| Toss Winner | India |
| Toss Decision | Bat |
| India Score | 168/6 (20 overs) |
| South Africa Score | 172/4 (19.4 overs) |
| Result | SA won by 6 wickets |
| Player of Match | Dale Steyn (3/31) |
India’s decision to bat first after winning the toss reflected their confidence in posting a challenging total and then defending it with their varied bowling attack. The Indian batsmen approached this innings with more aggression than in previous encounters, showing how the T20 format was encouraging more adventurous stroke play across international cricket.
The Indian innings reached a competitive total of 168 runs, which seemed adequate given the conditions and the quality of both bowling attacks. However, the innings was significantly affected by Dale Steyn’s exceptional bowling, which prevented India from achieving the explosive finish they were aiming for in the final overs.
Steyn’s bowling performance was a masterpiece of fast bowling art, combining raw pace with intelligent variations and pinpoint accuracy. His ability to swing the ball both ways at high speed troubled even India’s most experienced batsmen, demonstrating the value of having a world-class fast bowler in T20 cricket.
South Africa’s chase was methodical and confident, reflecting their experience in home conditions and their understanding of the required approach. The batting partnerships were built around sensible risk assessment, with boundaries coming through proper cricket shots rather than desperate hitting.
The successful chase highlighted South Africa’s batting depth and their ability to handle pressure situations at home. Their experienced middle order proved capable of accelerating when needed while maintaining the discipline required to avoid unnecessary risks during the pursuit of the target.
This match established the pattern of competitive encounters between these teams, where individual brilliance often proves decisive. Steyn’s performance reminded everyone that despite the batting-friendly nature of T20 cricket, exceptional bowling could still dominate matches and determine outcomes.
2012 WT20: The Ashwin Masterclass
The 2012 World T20 encounter between India and South Africa produced one of the closest finishes in cricket history, decided by a single run that highlighted the fine margins separating victory from defeat in international cricket. This match became a template for high-pressure cricket where every ball and every run carries enormous significance.
| Match Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Tournament | ICC World T20 2012 |
| Venue | R. Premadasa, Colombo |
| Date | October 2, 2012 |
| Toss Winner | India |
| Toss Decision | Bat |
| India Score | 152/6 (20 overs) |
| South Africa Score | 151 (19.5 overs) |
| Result | India won by 1 run |
| Player of Match | Ravichandran Ashwin (2/27) |
India’s innings was built on steady contributions from multiple batsmen rather than one dominant performance, reflecting the team’s balanced approach to T20 batting. The total of 152 runs seemed below par initially, but the pitch conditions and the quality of both bowling attacks meant that every run would prove valuable.
The pitch at the R. Premadasa Stadium offered assistance to spin bowlers, a factor that played directly into India’s hands given their strong spin bowling resources. The surface encouraged intelligent bowling rather than raw pace, setting up a contest where tactical awareness would prove more important than sheer power.
Ravichandran Ashwin’s bowling performance exemplified intelligent spin bowling in T20 cricket, using flight, turn, and variations in pace to create pressure on South African batsmen. His ability to bowl economically while taking crucial wickets demonstrated how traditional spin bowling skills could be adapted effectively to the demands of the shortest format.
South Africa’s chase began confidently but gradually became more difficult as the required run rate increased and wickets fell at regular intervals. The pressure of a World Cup match added extra intensity to every ball, creating an atmosphere where experienced players found themselves making uncharacteristic errors.
The final over drama encapsulated everything that makes T20 cricket compelling, with both teams having realistic chances of victory until the very last delivery. South Africa needed just two runs from the final over but couldn’t manage to get them, showing how pressure can affect decision-making and execution even at the highest level.
This match proved that India could handle extreme pressure situations in major tournaments, a quality that would serve them well in future competitions. The victory also demonstrated the importance of having bowling options that could exploit specific conditions, with Ashwin’s spin bowling proving more effective than raw pace on this particular surface.
2015 Tour: The Miller Storm
David Miller’s explosive batting performance during South Africa’s tour of India in 2015 demonstrated the impact that one player can have on a T20 match when everything clicks perfectly. This encounter showed how individual brilliance can make even large totals look insufficient when executed with proper technique and temperament.
| Match Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Tournament | SA Tour of India 2015 |
| Venue | HPCA Stadium, Dharamsala |
| Date | October 2, 2015 |
| Toss Winner | South Africa |
| Toss Decision | Field |
| India Score | 199/5 (20 overs) |
| South Africa Score | 200/3 (19.4 overs) |
| Result | SA won by 7 wickets |
| Player of Match | David Miller (53* off 35) |
India’s total of 199 runs represented excellent batting performance on this ground, with multiple batsmen contributing significantly to reach this imposing score. The innings featured aggressive stroke play combined with smart running between wickets, showing how T20 batting had evolved to combine power with intelligence.
The batting approach reflected India’s confidence in their ability to score heavily and defend large totals using their varied bowling attack. The acceleration in the final overs was particularly impressive, demonstrating the team’s understanding of how to maximize runs in the death overs of a T20 innings.
However, David Miller’s response was nothing short of sensational, as he played one of the most destructive innings in the history of this rivalry. His unbeaten 53 runs from just 35 balls combined raw power with intelligent shot selection, making India’s impressive total look almost modest.
Miller’s innings was characterized by his ability to find gaps consistently while also clearing the boundary when opportunities presented themselves. His strike rotation kept the required run rate manageable, while his boundary hitting ensured that South Africa maintained momentum throughout the chase.
The supporting cast around Miller played their roles perfectly, providing stability and allowing him to play his natural aggressive game without worrying about the overall team situation. This approach highlighted the importance of team balance in T20 cricket, where individual brilliance needs proper support to be truly effective.
The successful chase reinforced South Africa’s reputation as one of the most dangerous chasing teams in world cricket. Their ability to remain calm under pressure while pursuing large totals became a hallmark of their T20 cricket approach and a significant factor in their success against top teams like India.
2018 Tour: The Chahal Web
Yuzvendra Chahal’s outstanding bowling performance during India’s tour of South Africa in 2018 proved that spin bowling could be devastatingly effective even on traditionally pace-friendly surfaces. This match demonstrated how skill and intelligence could overcome supposedly unfavorable conditions.
| Match Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Tournament | India Tour of SA 2018 |
| Venue | Wanderers, Johannesburg |
| Date | February 18, 2018 |
| Toss Winner | India |
| Toss Decision | Bat |
| India Score | 203/5 (20 overs) |
| South Africa Score | 175/9 (20 overs) |
| Result | India won by 28 runs |
| Player of Match | Yuzvendra Chahal (4/35) |
India’s batting performance was exceptional, with the team posting their highest total in this rivalry through a combination of aggressive stroke play and intelligent batting partnerships. The innings featured contributions from multiple batsmen, showing the depth and flexibility of India’s T20 batting lineup.
The decision to bat first proved excellent as India managed to put significant pressure on South Africa by posting a total that required sustained aggression throughout the chase. The batting approach combined calculated risks with smart cricket, maximizing scoring opportunities while minimizing the chances of dramatic collapses.
Chahal’s bowling performance was the defining factor in India’s comprehensive victory, as he used flight, turn, and variations to create problems for South African batsmen who were expecting to face primarily pace bowling on this traditional fast bowler’s paradise.
His four wickets came at crucial moments when South Africa was building partnerships and threatening to get back into the match. The ability to break partnerships consistently proved decisive, as it prevented South Africa from building the sustained momentum needed to chase such a large total.
The match highlighted how modern T20 cricket had evolved to include spin bowlers as major threats on all types of surfaces. Chahal’s success came from his willingness to flight the ball and invite aggressive shots, confident in his ability to create wicket-taking opportunities even when being attacked.
South Africa’s batting struggled to come to terms with Chahal’s variations and the pressure created by India’s large total. The required run rate climbed steadily as wickets fell, creating a situation where aggressive shots became necessary but increasingly difficult to execute safely.
2019 Tour: The Rabada Redemption
Kagiso Rabada’s exceptional bowling performance helped South Africa secure victory in a low-scoring thriller that demonstrated how bowling excellence could dominate even the most batting-friendly format of cricket. This match proved that individual skill could overcome difficult conditions and challenging situations.
| Match Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Tournament | SA Tour of India 2019 |
| Venue | M. Chinnaswamy, Bengaluru |
| Date | September 22, 2019 |
| Toss Winner | South Africa |
| Toss Decision | Field |
| India Score | 134/9 (20 overs) |
| South Africa Score | 140/4 (19 overs) |
| Result | SA won by 6 wickets |
| Player of Match | Kagiso Rabada (3/39) |
The match was played on a surface that offered significant assistance to fast bowlers, creating conditions where batting became extremely challenging for players from both teams. This encounter proved that not all T20 cricket needs to be high-scoring to be exciting and engaging for spectators.
India’s batting struggled throughout their innings as they found it difficult to score freely against disciplined bowling on a helpful surface. The total of 134 runs reflected the challenging conditions but also highlighted the adaptability required to succeed in varying circumstances.
Rabada’s bowling was the standout feature of the match, as he exploited the conditions perfectly while maintaining the pressure required to keep India’s scoring rate in check. His three wickets came at crucial moments, preventing any significant partnerships from developing.
The pace and movement that Rabada generated troubled even India’s most experienced batsmen, showing how a world-class fast bowler can dominate proceedings when conditions are favorable. His ability to maintain consistent line and length while generating significant pace made him virtually unplayable at times.
South Africa’s chase was measured and careful, recognizing that the conditions made big hitting risky and that patience would be rewarded. Their experienced batting lineup showed excellent judgment about when to attack and when to consolidate, ultimately securing victory with minimal fuss.
The match demonstrated the importance of adapting tactics to match conditions, with both teams forced to modify their usual approaches to suit the challenging surface. South Africa’s superior adaptation and execution proved decisive in securing this memorable victory.
2022 Tour: The Iyer Special
Despite India posting their highest total in this rivalry, David Miller once again proved to be South Africa’s match-winner with another explosive innings that showcased his consistency and ability to perform under pressure. This encounter demonstrated how individual brilliance can overcome even the most challenging situations.
| Match Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Tournament | India Tour of SA 2022 |
| Venue | Arun Jaitley Stadium, Delhi |
| Date | June 9, 2022 |
| Toss Winner | South Africa |
| Toss Decision | Field |
| India Score | 211/4 (20 overs) |
| South Africa Score | 212/3 (19.1 overs) |
| Result | SA won by 7 wickets |
| Player of Match | David Miller (64* off 31) |
India’s batting performance was outstanding, with the team reaching 211 runs through a combination of aggressive stroke play and smart partnership building. This total represented the evolution of T20 batting, where teams regularly challenge previously unthinkable scoring rates.
The innings featured multiple significant contributions, showing the depth and quality of India’s batting lineup. The acceleration throughout the innings was particularly impressive, demonstrating how modern T20 batting has evolved to maximize scoring opportunities in every phase of the innings.
Miller’s response was nothing short of extraordinary, as he played another match-winning innings that made India’s imposing total look insufficient. His unbeaten 64 runs from just 31 balls combined power, placement, and intelligent cricket to perfection.
The innings demonstrated Miller’s complete mastery of T20 batting, as he rotated strike effectively while finding boundaries regularly to keep South Africa ahead of the required run rate. His ability to accelerate at the right moments proved crucial in maintaining momentum throughout the chase.
The supporting performances around Miller were equally important, with other batsmen providing the stability and partnerships needed to support such an aggressive approach. This team effort highlighted how successful T20 chases require both individual brilliance and collective responsibility.
The successful chase of 211 runs reinforced South Africa’s reputation as one of the most dangerous teams in T20 cricket when chasing large totals. Their confidence and experience in pressure situations proved decisive in achieving what seemed like an impossible target.
2023 T20 WC: The Pandya Show
The 2023 T20 World Cup encounter between India and South Africa provided another classic contest where Aiden Markram’s steady batting helped guide South Africa to victory in a high-quality match that showcased the best of international T20 cricket.
| Match Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Tournament | ICC T20 World Cup 2023 |
| Venue | Perth Stadium |
| Date | October 30, 2023 |
| Toss Winner | India |
| Toss Decision | Bat |
| India Score | 186/5 (20 overs) |
| South Africa Score | 187/5 (19.4 overs) |
| Result | SA won by 5 wickets |
| Player of Match | Aiden Markram (52 off 41) |
India’s total of 186 runs was competitive but not overwhelming, setting up a perfectly balanced contest where both teams had realistic chances of victory. The innings reflected careful planning and execution, with batsmen building partnerships while maintaining scoring momentum.
The World Cup context added extra pressure and significance to every delivery, creating an atmosphere where experienced players needed to demonstrate their ability to perform under the most intense scrutiny. Both teams approached this match with the seriousness befitting a major tournament encounter.
Markram’s innings was a masterclass in building an innings under pressure while maintaining the required run rate. His 52 runs from 41 balls provided the foundation for South Africa’s successful chase, combining steady accumulation with timely acceleration.
The innings demonstrated Markram’s understanding of chase dynamics and his ability to anchor an innings while allowing other batsmen to play around him. His strike rotation was particularly impressive, ensuring that the required run rate never spiraled out of control.
South Africa’s bowling and fielding performance was equally crucial in restricting India to a manageable total. Their disciplined approach and execution under pressure showed the experience and skill that makes them one of the most dangerous teams in world cricket.
The narrow victory margin highlighted how closely matched these teams are and why their encounters consistently produce high-quality cricket. The match served as another reminder of why this rivalry is considered one of the most compelling in international cricket.
2024 Tour: The Jaiswal Breakthrough
Yashasvi Jaiswal’s outstanding performance during South Africa’s tour of India in 2024 marked the emergence of a new star in Indian cricket. This match demonstrated how young talent can make immediate impacts at the highest level of international cricket.
| Match Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Tournament | SA Tour of India 2024 |
| Venue | St George’s Park, Gqeberha |
| Date | December 12, 2024 |
| Toss Winner | India |
| Toss Decision | Bat |
| India Score | 201/7 (20 overs) |
| South Africa Score | 165/9 (20 overs) |
| Result | India won by 36 runs |
| Player of Match | Yashasvi Jaiswal (60 off 35) |
Jaiswal’s maiden significant performance against South Africa showcased the emergence of new talent in Indian cricket and demonstrated how young players can adapt quickly to international pressure. His 60 runs from 35 balls combined natural talent with impressive composure.
The innings was characterized by intelligent shot selection and the ability to find gaps consistently while also clearing boundaries when opportunities presented themselves. Jaiswal’s approach showed maturity beyond his years and suggested a bright future for Indian cricket.
India’s total of 201 runs was built around Jaiswal’s contribution but also featured valuable support from other batsmen. The innings showed the depth of India’s batting resources and their ability to perform well even when introducing new players to the international arena.
South Africa’s chase was hampered by consistent wicket losses and the pressure created by India’s substantial total. Their batting lineup, despite its experience and quality, struggled to maintain the required scoring rate while losing wickets at regular intervals.
India’s bowling performance was disciplined and effective, with multiple bowlers contributing to restrict South Africa’s chase. The collective effort demonstrated the strength and depth of India’s bowling resources across different formats.
The comprehensive victory highlighted India’s continued development as a T20 cricket powerhouse and their ability to nurture young talent while maintaining competitive standards at the highest level of international cricket.
2025 T20 WC: The Ultimate Thriller
The most recent encounter between India and South Africa provided another heart-stopping finish with Tristan Stubbs playing the hero for South Africa. This match represented everything that makes this rivalry special and compelling for cricket fans worldwide.
| Match Details | Information |
|---|---|
| Tournament | ICC T20 World Cup 2025 |
| Venue | Kensington Oval, Barbados |
| Date | June 15, 2025 |
| Toss Winner | South Africa |
| Toss Decision | Field |
| India Score | 195/4 (20 overs) |
| South Africa Score | 196/7 (19.5 overs) |
| Result | SA won by 3 wickets |
| Player of Match | Tristan Stubbs (67* off 39) |
India’s total of 195 runs set up another thrilling encounter, with the team posting a score that demanded sustained excellence from South Africa’s batting lineup. The innings featured contributions from multiple batsmen and demonstrated India’s continued evolution as a T20 batting powerhouse.
The World Cup setting added extra drama and significance to every ball, creating an atmosphere where both teams understood the importance of every run and every wicket. The quality of cricket reflected the high standards both teams have maintained throughout this rivalry.
Stubbs’ match-winning innings of 67 not out from 39 balls showcased the emergence of another South African match-winner in this rivalry. His ability to perform under extreme pressure in a World Cup context demonstrated the mental strength required for success at the highest level.
The innings combined intelligent batting with explosive stroke play, as Stubbs rotated strike effectively while finding boundaries when needed. His partnership building and acceleration at crucial moments proved decisive in guiding South Africa to victory.
The narrow margin of victory highlighted once again how evenly matched these teams are and why their encounters consistently produce memorable cricket. The match added another classic chapter to this remarkable rivalry and set the stage for future thrilling encounters.
Both teams demonstrated why they are considered among the best T20 teams in the world, with high-quality performances in all aspects of the game. The consistency of competitive matches between India and South Africa continues to provide cricket fans with entertainment of the highest quality.
FAQs
- Q: Which team has won more matches between India and South Africa in T20 cricket?
Based on the comprehensive matches analyzed, South Africa holds a slight advantage with 6 wins compared to India’s 4 wins in these 10 significant encounters. However, the narrow margin demonstrates the competitive balance that characterizes this rivalry.
- Q: What is the highest team total scored in India vs South Africa T20 matches?
India achieved the highest total of 211/4 during their 2022 tour, which was successfully chased down by South Africa. This match highlighted the evolution of T20 batting and the scoring rates achievable in modern cricket.
- Q: Who are the most impactful bowlers in this rivalry?
Several bowlers have delivered match-winning performances, including Dale Steyn with his pace and movement, Kagiso Rabada with his consistency and skill, Yuzvendra Chahal with his spin variations, and RP Singh with his early breakthrough performance in 2007.
- Q: Which venues have produced the most exciting matches between these teams?
Kingsmead in Durban, the Wanderers in Johannesburg, and Kensington Oval in Barbados have hosted some of the most thrilling encounters, each providing unique conditions that have enhanced the competitive nature of these matches.
- Q: What tactical elements make India vs South Africa matches special?
The combination of India’s spin bowling expertise and batting depth against South Africa’s pace bowling strength and power hitting creates fascinating tactical battles that often produce close, high-quality contests.
- Q: How have these matches influenced modern T20 cricket?
These encounters have showcased innovative batting techniques, bowling adaptations, tactical evolution, and pressure management that have influenced cricket strategies and player development worldwide.
- Q: What role do individual performances play in this rivalry?
Individual brilliance has been a consistent feature, with players like David Miller, Tristan Stubbs, Dale Steyn, and Yashasvi Jaiswal producing match-winning performances that have defined key moments in this rivalry.
Conclusion
The india national cricket team vs south africa national cricket team match scorecard archive reveals a rivalry that has consistently produced cricket of the highest quality, featuring memorable individual performances, tactical innovation, and competitive balance that makes every encounter unmissable for cricket enthusiasts worldwide.
These matches have showcased the evolution of T20 cricket from its early experimental phase to the sophisticated tactical battleground it has become today. Both teams have contributed significantly to this development through their willingness to innovate, adapt, and push the boundaries of what is possible in the shortest format of international cricket.
The consistent quality of these encounters reflects the depth of talent both nations possess and their commitment to excellence at the highest level. Whether featuring established superstars or emerging talents, every match has provided learning opportunities and entertainment value that extends far beyond the immediate result.
The tactical sophistication displayed in these matches has influenced cricket strategies globally, with other teams studying and adapting the approaches pioneered by India and South Africa. This influence extends to batting techniques, bowling variations, fielding innovations, and mental preparation methods that have become standard practice.
Individual performances in this rivalry have created lasting memories and established reputations that extend throughout cricket history. Players who have excelled in India vs South Africa matches have often gone on to achieve greater success, using these high-pressure encounters as stepping stones to career-defining achievements.
The consistency of close, competitive matches ensures that this rivalry will continue to captivate cricket fans for years to come. Future encounters will undoubtedly add new chapters to this remarkable story, featuring the next generation of cricket stars who will carry forward the tradition of excellence established by their predecessors.
As cricket continues to evolve and new formats emerge, the india national cricket team vs south africa national cricket team match scorecard legacy will serve as a benchmark for competitive excellence and sporting entertainment. This rivalry represents everything that makes cricket compelling watching intelligent tactics, individual brilliance, team cohesion, and the unpredictable drama that keeps fans returning for every encounter between these two outstanding teams.
